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Premature Retinopathy

Premature Retinopathy

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an eye disease that develops in premature (early born) babies. This condition typically occurs in babies born before 28 weeks of gestation and weighing less than 1,500 grams. ROP involves abnormal growth or underdevelopment of the blood vessels in the retina.

Here are some basic things you should know about retinopathy of prematurity:

1. Causes:

  • The condition arises because premature babies do not have the chance to develop the retina normally.
  • Abnormal blood vessel growth occurs due to problems during the development of the vessels inside the eye.

2. Risk Factors:

  • Premature birth: Babies born before 28 weeks are at higher risk.
  • Low birth weight: Babies born weighing less than 1,500 grams are at increased risk.
  • Babies experiencing respiratory distress may also have increased risk.

3. Symptoms:

  • Early stages often show no symptoms.
  • In more advanced stages, white retinal spots, abnormal blood vessel growth, or retinal tears can be observed.

4. Diagnosis:

  • Premature babies are subjected to an eye examination by an ophthalmologist a few weeks after birth.
  • This examination is performed to assess the development of the retinal vessels and to detect signs of ROP.

5. Treatment:

  • Early stage ROP usually resolves on its own and does not require treatment.
  • In advanced stages, treatments such as laser therapy (laser photocoagulation) or antiVEGF drugs may be administered.

6. Progression and Monitoring:

  • Babies at risk of progressing ROP should be regularly taken for eye examinations.
  • In progressing cases, serious complications like retinal detachment can occur.

7. Prevention:

  • Preventing premature birth can reduce the risk of ROP.
  • The eye health of premature babies, especially those with low birth weight, should be regularly monitored.

ROP is a common condition in premature babies, but with early diagnosis and proper treatment, it can usually be managed effectively. Therefore, the eye health of premature babies should be regularly monitored and treatment initiated if necessary.