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Retinal Artery Occlusion

Retinal Artery Occlusion

Retinal artery occlusion is a condition that occurs when the artery supplying blood to the retina in the eye becomes blocked. This reduces the supply of blood and oxygen to the retina, leading to a serious eye problem. Retinal artery occlusion is an emergency that requires immediate medical intervention and can cause permanent vision loss.

Symptoms:

  • Sudden and Severe Vision Loss: Retinal artery occlusion typically leads to sudden and severe loss of vision.
  • Blurred or Dimmed Vision: Vision may become blurry or darken.
  • Sensitivity to Bright Lights: There may be increased sensitivity to bright lights.
  • Pain in the Eye or Headache: Pain in the eye or head may occur due to the retinal blockage.
  • Change in Color Perception: There may be fading or changes in color tones.

Causes:

  • Thromboembolism (Clot): Retinal artery occlusion can occur when a clot blocks the retinal artery.
  • Atherosclerosis (Hardening of the Arteries): Plaque buildup and hardening in the retinal arteries can lead to blockage.
  • Embolism: Emboli breaking off from the heart or other areas can cause retinal artery occlusion.
  • Giant Cell Arteritis (Temporal Arteritis): This inflammatory condition can cause inflammation in the retinal arteries.
  • Hypertension (High Blood Pressure): High blood pressure can cause damage to the retinal arteries.

Diagnosis and Treatment:

  • An eye doctor will conduct an eye examination to assess symptoms and make a diagnosis.
  • Diagnosis of retinal artery occlusion is usually made using intraocular imaging techniques, retinal photographs, and imaging tests.
  • Treatment varies depending on the cause of the blockage. Thrombolytic drugs, anticoagulants, or other medications may be used. However, in some cases, the blockage may be irreversible, and in such cases, vision loss can be permanent.

Considerations:

  • Retinal artery occlusion is an emergency and immediate medical help should be sought.
  • Starting treatment early is critical in preventing vision loss.
  • Managing risk factors, especially controlling conditions like high blood pressure and atherosclerosis, is important.

Retinal artery occlusion is an urgent eye condition that requires immediate medical attention. Managing risk factors and having regular eye exams can help prevent such conditions.